A crypto centralized exchange (CEX) acts as a middleman for buying, selling, and trading cryptocurrencies. Users create an account, deposit fiat or crypto, and place orders. The exchange matches buyers and sellers, ensuring liquidity and security. It holds users' funds, charges fees, and allows withdrawals to external wallets.

A decentralized exchange (DEX) allows users to trade cryptocurrencies directly without intermediaries. It operates on smart contracts, enabling peer-to-peer transactions. Users retain full control of their funds, connecting via wallets like MetaMask. Liquidity comes from liquidity pools, and trades are executed via automated market makers (AMMs) or order books.

A crypto payment gateway processes cryptocurrency transactions between buyers and merchants. When a user selects crypto as a payment method, the gateway generates a transaction request. The user sends crypto from their wallet to the merchant's wallet via blockchain. The gateway verifies the payment, converts it if needed, and confirms the transaction.

A crypto arbitrage bot scans multiple exchanges for price differences of the same asset. It identifies opportunities where an asset is cheaper on one exchange and more expensive on another. The bot buys the asset at a lower price, transfers it if required, and sells it at a higher price, profiting from the difference.

A non-custodial wallet generates and stores private keys locally, giving users full control over their funds. Users sign transactions with their private keys and broadcast them to the blockchain. Unlike custodial wallets, no third party manages funds, ensuring complete ownership and security.